The basic pronouns that this lesson will cover are indefinite pronouns, nominative pronouns and emphatic/reflexive pronouns.

Indefinite - Somebody, someone etc.
Nominative - I am, He is, You are etc.
Emphatic - I am, We are, You are. Reflexive - Myself, Yourself, Ourselves, etc.

Indefinite pronouns

Nad = Something	únad/alnad = Nothing
Pen = Someone, somebody	úben/alphen = No one, nobody
Sad = Somewhere	úhad/alhad = Nowhere

Nominative pronouns

Singular	.	Plural	.
I am	ni	We are	me
You are (formal)	le	You all are (formal)	de
You are (informal)	ci	You all are (informal)	ci
He/She/It is/They (singular) are	te	They all are	ti
This is	se	These are	si
That is	sa	Those are	sai

The word that follows a nominative or emphatic pronoun does NOT mutate

Examples:
Ni brûn = I am old
Le laich = You are sweet
Te ithron = He is a wizard
Sai yrn = Those are trees

Emphatic/Reflexive pronouns

I am, (I, myself) or Ourselves	Im
You are or Yourself	Ech
He/She/It is or Him/Her/Itself	E or Est

The singular is the same as the plural - the same word is used to signify You are as it is for Yourselves.
You can use either E or Est, it isn't a case of one is meant to be before a vowel and one isn't, we just have two options from Tolkien!

So, why would you use an emphatic pronoun over a nominative pronoun?

Im Boromir = I am Boromir
or Ni Boromir = I am Boromir?

Using the emphatic to introduce yourself lends an extra something to it - the example of this comes from a text in The Lord of the Rings, which hopefully you might recognise from the inscription on the door that leads into Moria:

Im Narvi, hain echant
which translates as 'I, Narvi, made them', but it is not just 'I made them' it is 'I, myself, made them', there is the extra edge of self importance to it. Similarly, you could introduce someone with the emphatic:
E/Est Gandalf, i ithron vith = He is Gandalf, the grey wizard

Asking questions with pronouns

To ask questions such as Is he? Is that? Am I? all you need to do is:
Add a question mark to the sentence (when writing Sindarin) and
Ask the sentence as a question (when speaking Sindarin)

Ni brûn? = Am I old?
Te ithron? = Is he a wizard?
Sai yrn? = Are those trees?

Testing your knowledge

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