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Lessons 31-40
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- 31 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
- 32 - Possessive, singular and diminutive suffixes
- 33 - Comparatives & Superlatives
- 34 - Abstract Suffix
- 35 - Further suffixes
- 36 - How to make names (1)
- 37 - How to make names (2)
- 38 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
- 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin
- 40 - Liquid and Stop mutations
- Lessons 41 onwards >
- Resources
Ivrinel: Bain e Tham Naur e fuin hen. Lyth grinth a nimp...
Amdiron: Ai, herw garan o Dhorwinion ennas!
Siron: A lembas o Lothlorien.
Ivrinel: The Hall of Fire is beautiful this night. Pink and white flowers...
Amdiron: Ah, there is red wine from Dorwinion!
Siron: And lembas from Lothlorien.
Amdiron: Ai, herw garan o Dhorwinion ennas!
Siron: A lembas o Lothlorien.
Ivrinel: The Hall of Fire is beautiful this night. Pink and white flowers...
Amdiron: Ah, there is red wine from Dorwinion!
Siron: And lembas from Lothlorien.
When is soft mutation used?
A word is mutated with soft mutation if:
It follows the word e = the (singular before consonants), en = the (singular before vowels)
It is an adjective following a noun
It is an adverb following a verb
It is a word that follows a preposition (including verbs that have prefixes - you can find these in Lesson 14)
It is an object pronoun acting as the object of the sentence (look back at Lesson 9)
It is a noun acting as a direct object.
It follows the word e = the (singular before consonants), en = the (singular before vowels)
It is an adjective following a noun
It is an adverb following a verb
It is a word that follows a preposition (including verbs that have prefixes - you can find these in Lesson 14)
It is an object pronoun acting as the object of the sentence (look back at Lesson 9)
It is a noun acting as a direct object.
Soft mutation table
If a letter is not in the table below, it does not change. I will explain parts of the table at the bottom.
Original letter(s) |
Becomes after mutation |
b |
v |
c |
g |
d |
dh |
g |
' |
gl |
'l |
gr |
'r |
gw |
'w |
h |
ch |
hw |
chw |
lh |
thl |
m |
m |
p |
b |
rh |
thr |
s |
h |
t |
d |
(m)b |
m |
(n)d |
n |
(n)g |
ng |
What does ' mean?
It has no sound. This simply signifies that the g has been removed from the word; it allows us to distinguish in written Sindarin between words like Gorn = Revered and Orn = Tree.
It has no sound. This simply signifies that the g has been removed from the word; it allows us to distinguish in written Sindarin between words like Gorn = Revered and Orn = Tree.
LH = L or THL?
The latest journal (Parma Eldalamberon #23) confirms that the normal Soft Mutation for words beginning with LH is THL and for words beginning with RH is THR.
(n)d (m)b & (n)g
These Sindarin words come from roots that originally started with the (n) or the (m). Here are some of the more common examples:
Bar = House
Dôr = Land
Geil = Star
As Bar comes from an MB root, we say i mar = the house instead of the usual mutation on B which would give i var.
As Dôr comes from an ND root we say i nôr = the land, instead of the usual mutation on D which would give i dhor.
As Geil comes from an NG root we say i ngeil = the star, instead of the usual mutation on G which would give i 'eil.
You will see some people write ñ instead of ng, e.g. i ñollor = the magician (instead of i ngollor).
You can find the list of ND root words here, the list of MB root words here and the list of NG root words here.
Bar = House
Dôr = Land
Geil = Star
As Bar comes from an MB root, we say i mar = the house instead of the usual mutation on B which would give i var.
As Dôr comes from an ND root we say i nôr = the land, instead of the usual mutation on D which would give i dhor.
As Geil comes from an NG root we say i ngeil = the star, instead of the usual mutation on G which would give i 'eil.
You will see some people write ñ instead of ng, e.g. i ñollor = the magician (instead of i ngollor).
You can find the list of ND root words here, the list of MB root words here and the list of NG root words here.
