SINDARIN HUB
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    • Lessons 1-10 >
      • 1 - Pronunciation >
        • Sindarin IPA
      • 2 - Greetings
      • 3 - Origins >
        • Sindarin place names
      • 4 - Questions
      • 5 - Eating & drinking
      • 6 - Plurals (1)
      • 7 - Plurals (2)
      • 8 - Pronouns (nominative)
      • 9 - Pronouns (object & dative)
      • 10 - Colours & Soft mutation introduction
    • Lessons 11-20 >
      • 11 - Soft mutation
      • 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
      • 13 - Prepositions (1)
      • 14 - Prepositions (2)
      • 15 - 'in' & Nasal mutation
      • 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
      • 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
      • 18 - Verbs (Past Tense)
      • 19 - Verbs (Intransitive endings and irregulars)
      • 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
    • Lessons 21-30 >
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
      • 23 - Verbs (Dual)
      • 24 - Sentence structure
      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
      • 29 - Numbers & Mathematics
      • 30 - Mixed mutation and 'En'
    • Lessons 31-40 >
      • 31 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
      • 32 - Possessive, singular and diminutive suffixes
      • 33 - Comparatives & Superlatives
      • 34 - Abstract Suffix
      • 35 - Further suffixes
      • 36 - How to make names (1)
      • 37 - How to make names (2)
      • 38 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 40 - Liquid and Stop mutations
    • Lessons 41 onwards >
      • 41 - Elision
  • Resources
    • Mutation chart
    • Pronoun chart
    • (m)b words
    • (n)d words
    • (n)g words
    • -ath
    • Jigsaws
    • Grammatical terms
    • Language of the hands

Lesson 40 - Liquid mutation and Stop mutation

Liquid mutation and Stop mutation are the rarest of the mutations in Sindarin. By the Third Age and beyond it is possible that these would not have been used at all and that soft mutation would be used in their place. If you wish to write in an older style, or more formally, it is still useful for you to know these.

Liquid mutation

Liquid mutation arose from the changes that occurred when Noldorin developed into Sindarin. This mutation was used on prepositions, prefixes and conjunctions that end in -L or -R such as Er- , Nel- and Or.
F, L, N, R, S and TH do not change.

Original letter
Changes to
Example
B
V
Or valrog = Over a demon
C
CH
Or char = Over a building
D
DH
Or dhaedelu = Over a canopy
G
'
Or 'ador = Over a prison
H
CH
Or chadhod = Over a dwarf
LH
'L
Or 'ling = Over a spider
M
V
Or vaeth = Over a battle
P
PH
Or pharf = Over a book
RH
'R
Or 'rovan = Over a wilderness
T
TH
Or thaes = Over a nail
(M)B
B
Or both = Over a puddle
(N)D
D
Or danwedh = Over a ransom
(N)G
G
Or gaur = Over a werewolf

Stop mutation

Stop mutation has a dubious existence due to a lack of consistent evidence, but is meant to be a variant of Soft Mutation and have occurred on words following the prepositions O(d), Ed and Ned. The letter changes below are those with the most evidence. Any other consonant can be assumed to change according to normal Soft Mutation rules.
Original letter
Changes to
Example
B
E/O B
O bastad = From a wedding
C
E/O CH
E chram = Out of a cake
D
E/O D
E dond = Out of a fist
F
EPH/OPH F
Eph fang = Out of a beard
G
E/O G
O gaear = From a sea
H
E/O CH
E chalf = Out of a seashell
LH
E/O THL
O thloer = From venom
P
E/O PH
E phesseg = Out of a pillow
RH
E/O THR
E thraw = Out of flesh
S
ES/OS S
Es sigil = Out of a necklace
T
ETH/OTH TH
Eth thaur = Out of a forest
TH
ETH/OTH TH
Eth tham = Out of a hall
(M)B
E/O MB
E mbahad = Out of a marketplace
(N)D
E/O ND
E ndôr = Out of a land
(N)G
E/O NG
E ngurth = Out of death
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  • Home
    • Donations
    • Contact/About me
  • Words
  • Verbs
  • Phrases
  • Lessons
    • Lessons 1-10 >
      • 1 - Pronunciation >
        • Sindarin IPA
      • 2 - Greetings
      • 3 - Origins >
        • Sindarin place names
      • 4 - Questions
      • 5 - Eating & drinking
      • 6 - Plurals (1)
      • 7 - Plurals (2)
      • 8 - Pronouns (nominative)
      • 9 - Pronouns (object & dative)
      • 10 - Colours & Soft mutation introduction
    • Lessons 11-20 >
      • 11 - Soft mutation
      • 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
      • 13 - Prepositions (1)
      • 14 - Prepositions (2)
      • 15 - 'in' & Nasal mutation
      • 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
      • 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
      • 18 - Verbs (Past Tense)
      • 19 - Verbs (Intransitive endings and irregulars)
      • 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
    • Lessons 21-30 >
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
      • 23 - Verbs (Dual)
      • 24 - Sentence structure
      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
      • 29 - Numbers & Mathematics
      • 30 - Mixed mutation and 'En'
    • Lessons 31-40 >
      • 31 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
      • 32 - Possessive, singular and diminutive suffixes
      • 33 - Comparatives & Superlatives
      • 34 - Abstract Suffix
      • 35 - Further suffixes
      • 36 - How to make names (1)
      • 37 - How to make names (2)
      • 38 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 40 - Liquid and Stop mutations
    • Lessons 41 onwards >
      • 41 - Elision
  • Resources
    • Mutation chart
    • Pronoun chart
    • (m)b words
    • (n)d words
    • (n)g words
    • -ath
    • Jigsaws
    • Grammatical terms
    • Language of the hands