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    • Lessons 21-30 >
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
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      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
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      • 30 - Mixed mutation
    • Lessons 31-40 >
      • 31 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
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      • 35 - Further suffixes
      • 36 - How to make names (1)
      • 37 - How to make names (2)
      • 38 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 40 - Liquid and Stop mutations
    • Lessons 41 onwards >
      • 41 - Elision
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Lesson 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin

Doriathrin Sindarin

What is Doriathrin?
The Sindarin language has a rather complicated history, but Doriathrin Sindarin is one of the most original, pure forms. It stems from the First Age and was the language of the people of Doriath, the Sindar, who were led by Thingol and Melian the Maia.

You have been taught to use the pronouns Le, Len, Lîn and the verb endings -ol/-odh in this course for the formal second person. This is the 'modern' Sindarin usage, and correct for most speakers from the Second Age onwards. Doriathrin uses a slightly different set of pronouns and endings.


Doriathrin Sindarin would also have been spoken into the Third Age by the Elves of Mithlond (the Grey Havens)

Pronouns

Nominative
Object
Possessive
De = You are (formal)
Den = You (formal)
i ... dhîn = Your (formal)

Pronominal suffixes

Singular
Meaning
Plural
Meaning
-en
My
-em
Our
-eg
Your (informal)
-egir
All of your (informal)
-edh
Your (formal)
-edhir
All of your (formal)
-ed
His/her/its
-ent
Their
The infinitive form of the verb was formed with an -i, e.g. Ceni 'to see'
In Doriathrin Sindarin only I-stem verbs have this change to the conjugation of the infinitive.

Some verbs have changed their endings over time to become more regular. These are the past tenses of Soga- and Thora- that an older speaker of Sindarin would use and as you can see, they're irregular. A younger speaker would use the regular A-stem past tense endings (Thorannen = I fenced in, Sogannen = I drank, etc.)
Soga- to drink
I drank
Sungen
We drank
Sungem
He/she/it drank
Sunc
They drank
Sunger
Having been drunk (passive participle)
Sungen
Plural
Syngin
Thora- to fence (in)
I fenced
Thoren
We fenced
Thorem
He/she/it fenced
Thaur
They fenced
Thorer
Having been fenced (passive participle)
Thoren
Plural
Therin

Negation

Tolkien tells us that in archaic Sindarin and verse, the Elves used an alternative form of the negative ú = no, not where it acted as a verb, ú-. The second verb takes the bare stem, e.g. ped from Ped- or losta from Losta- and is mutated with soft mutation.
Instead of the modern ú-gerin = I cannot do, the Elves of the First Age would say Uin gar = I do not do.

I do not
Uin
We do not
Uim
You do not (formal)
Uidh
You all do not (formal)
Uidhir
You do not (informal)
Uig
You all do not (informal)
Uigir
He/she/it does not
Û
They do not
Uir
Examples:
Uin deitha = I do not write
Uidh ven = You do not go
Uim linna = We do not sing

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  • Home
    • Donations
    • Contact/About me
  • Words
  • Verbs
  • Phrases
  • Lessons
    • Lessons 1-10 >
      • 1 - Pronunciation >
        • Sindarin IPA
      • 2 - Greetings
      • 3 - Origins >
        • Sindarin place names
      • 4 - Questions
      • 5 - Eating & drinking
      • 6 - Plurals (1)
      • 7 - Plurals (2)
      • 8 - Pronouns (nominative)
      • 9 - Pronouns (object & dative)
      • 10 - Colours & Soft mutation introduction
    • Lessons 11-20 >
      • 11 - Soft mutation
      • 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
      • 13 - Prepositions
      • 14 - Prefixes
      • 15 - Nasal mutation
      • 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
      • 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
      • 18 - Verbs (Past Tense)
      • 19 - Verbs (Intransitive endings and irregulars)
      • 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
    • Lessons 21-30 >
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
      • 23 - Verbs (Dual)
      • 24 - Sentence structure
      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
      • 29 - Numbers & Mathematics
      • 30 - Mixed mutation
    • Lessons 31-40 >
      • 31 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
      • 32 - Possessive, singular and diminutive suffixes
      • 33 - Comparatives & Superlatives
      • 34 - Abstract Suffix
      • 35 - Further suffixes
      • 36 - How to make names (1)
      • 37 - How to make names (2)
      • 38 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 40 - Liquid and Stop mutations
    • Lessons 41 onwards >
      • 41 - Elision
  • Resources
    • Mutation chart
    • Pronoun chart
    • (m)b words
    • (n)d words
    • (n)g words
    • -ath
    • Jigsaws
    • Grammatical terms
    • Language of the hands