A-stem intransitive endings

What do transitive and intransitive mean?
A transitive verb requires a direct object; a noun or pronoun that follows the verb and completes the phrase
e.g. I like him, I kicked it (objects are marked in bold/italic)
Intransitive verbs don't need an object to complete a phrase e.g. I listened, I smiled

Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive depending on the sentence, e.g.
You knew
I knew him
She served
It served them

The 'default' verb endings (the ones from Lesson 18) are the transitive endings, and are the ones you will use most often. However if you need to use the intransitive form of these verbs, you need a different set of endings.

Please be aware that not every verb can act intransitively, e.g. Menna- 'to send'. You can say Den mennon = I sent it, but you can't just say Mennon = I sent.

These suffixes are only applicable to verbs that can act both transitively and intransitively. If a verb is only intransitive and then use the endings in Lesson 18. You will also find that some pairs exist, e.g. Doltha- and Delia-, which both mean 'to conceal'. Doltha- is transitive, and Delia- is intransitive.

As you can see the intransitive endings are quite similar to the normal endings; instead of an N/NT they take an S(S).

Intransitive pronominal suffixes

I...
-ssen
We...
-ssem
You... (formal)
-ssol
You all... (formal)
-ssodh
You... (informal)
-ssog
You all... (informal)
-ssogir
He/she/it...
-s
They...
-sser
Passive participle (adjective)
-ssen
Plural
-ssin
Remember to follow the normal plural rules when pluralising the passive participle


Example: Nesta- 'to heal'

I healed
Nestassen
We healed
Nestassem
You healed (formal)
Nestassol
You all healed (formal)
Nestassodh
You healed (informal)
Nestassog
You all healed (informal)
Nestassogir
He/she/it healed
Nestas
They healed
Nestasser
Healed (passive participle)
Nestassen
Plural
Nestessin

Intransitive examples

Nestassen min mbar Elrond = I healed in Elrond's house
I minn nestessin = The healed men
Raithasser = They tried
Bangassem = We traded

A-stem consonant simplification

Although A-stem verbs do not for the most part have I-affection and consonant changes to worry about, they do have some simplifications to prevent large groups of repeated consonants.

The three verb endings that this table refers to are verbs ending in -
-nna (e.g. Penna-)
-ida (e.g. Nimmida-)
-ada (e.g. Tangada-)
(i) refers to the vowel 'i' in -ida
(a) refers to the vowel 'a' in -ada
In both cases, add the vowel in with the rest of the suffix
I...
-(i)(a)nnen
We...
-(i)(a)nnem
You... (formal)
-(i)(a)nnol
You all... (formal)
-(i)(a)nnodh
You... (informal)
-(i)(a)nnog
You all... (informal)
-(i)(a)nnogir
He/she/it...
-int/ant
For verbs ending -ida use -int. For all other verbs use -ant.
They...
-(i)(a)nner
Passive participle (adjective)
-(i)(a)nnen
Plural
-nnin

Examples

Pennen = I came down in a slant
Pennant = It came down in a slant
Penner = They came down in a slant
Nimminnem = We whitened
Nimmint = It whitened
Nimminner = They whitened
Tangannodh = You all established (formal)
Tangadant = It established
Tanganner = They established

A-stem irregular verbs

And finally, we come to the small group of A-stem verbs that have irregular conjugations in the past tense only. They are regular in the present tense and the future tense. For the true irregular verbs that are irregular in most tenses, please see Lesson 22.

The reason that these are important is that to make them regular is the equivalent of saying 'I thinked' or 'I drinked' in English. You know what the person means, but it isn't the correct formation and it certainly isn't how a native would say it!

Instead of listing the consonant changes in one table, I'm going to do each verb individually as some have very different changes to others. If a conjugation isn't listed, treat it as regular (e.g. 1st person singular for Banga- would be Bangannen/Bangassen).
Aníra- to want
I wanted
Anírnen
We wanted
Anírnem
You wanted (formal)
Anírnol
You all wanted (formal)
Anírnodh
You wanted (informal)
Anírnog
You all wanted (informal)
Anírnogir
He/she/it wanted
Anírn
They wanted
Anírner
Wanted (passive participle)
Anírnen
Plural
Anírnin
Tíra- to see, to gaze is conjugated identically to Aníra-

Anna- to give
I gave
Ónen
We gave
Ónem
You gave (formal)
Ónel
You all gave (formal)
Ónedh
You gave (informal)
Óneg
You all gave (informal)
Ónegir
He/she/it gave
Aun
They gave
Óner
Given (passive participle)
Ónen
Plural
Ónin
Banga- to trade (transitive/intransitive)
He/she/it traded
Banc/Bangas
They traded
Banger/Bangasser
Carfa- to speak (transitive/intransitive)
I spoke
Agarfannen/Agarfassen
We spoke
Agarfannem/Agarfassem
You spoke (formal)
Agarfannol/Agarfassol
You all spoke (formal)
Agarfannodh/Agarfassodh
You spoke (informal)
Agarfannog/Agarfassog
You all spoke (informal)
Agarfannogir/Agarfassogir
He/she/it spoke
Agarfant/Agarfast
They spoke
Agarfanner/Agarfasser
Spoken (passive participle)
Agarfannen
Plural
Egerfennin
Gala- to grow
He/she/it grew
Aul
Gerund
Galod
Gawa- to disguise, falsify
I disguised
Gonen
We disguised
Gonem
You disguised (formal)
Gonel
You all disguised (formal)
Gonedh
You disguised (informal)
Goneg
You all disguised (informal)
Gonegir
He/she/it disguised
Gaun
They disguised
Goner
Disguised (passive participle)
Gonen
Plural
Genin
Ista- to know (the transitive form is irregular)
I knew
Sinnen or Istassen
We knew
Sinnem or Istassem
You knew (formal)
Sinnel/Istassel
You all knew (formal)
Sinnedh/Istassedh
You knew (informal)
Sinneg/Istasseg
You all knew (informal)
Sinnegir/Istassegir
He/she/it knew
Sint or Istas
They knew
Sinner or Istasser
Known (passive participle)
Sinnen
Plural
Sinnin
Muda- to labour, work (only has an intransitive form)
I laboured
Mudassen
We laboured
Mudassem
He/she/it laboured
Mudas
They laboured
Mudasser
Laboured (passive participle)
Mudassen
Plural
Mydessin