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    • Lessons 1-10 >
      • 1 - Pronunciation >
        • Sindarin IPA
      • 2 - Greetings
      • 3 - Origins >
        • Sindarin place names
      • 4 - Questions
      • 5 - Eating & drinking
      • 6 - Plurals (1)
      • 7 - Plurals (2)
      • 8 - Pronouns (nominative)
      • 9 - Pronouns (object & dative)
      • 10 - Colours & Soft mutation introduction
    • Lessons 11-20 >
      • 11 - Soft mutation
      • 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
      • 13 - Prepositions (1)
      • 14 - Prepositions (2)
      • 15 - 'in' & Nasal mutation
      • 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
      • 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
      • 18 - Verbs (Past Tense)
      • 19 - Verbs (Intransitive endings and irregulars)
      • 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
    • Lessons 21-30 >
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
      • 23 - Verbs (Dual)
      • 24 - Sentence structure
      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
      • 29 - Numbers & Mathematics
      • 30 - Mixed mutation and 'En'
    • Lessons 31-40 >
      • 31 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
      • 32 - Possessive, singular and diminutive suffixes
      • 33 - Comparatives & Superlatives
      • 34 - Abstract Suffix
      • 35 - Further suffixes
      • 36 - How to make names (1)
      • 37 - How to make names (2)
      • 38 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 40 - Liquid and Stop mutations
    • Lessons 41 onwards >
      • 41 - Elision
  • Resources
    • Mutation chart
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Lesson 14 - Prepositions (part two)

Sindarin has several prepositions that are prefixes, which means that instead of being a word on its own you attach them to the front of a noun or a verb. Soft mutation applies to the word that the prefix is attached to.

What is important to realise, particularly when scanning dictionaries, is that just because a word looks like it is made up of one of these prefixes does not necessarily mean it is! Combinations of letters can occur for other reasons such as compound mutation, so do not automatically think you have discovered a word's etymology simply because it starts with an oth- or a go-.

All of the below examples are attested with the exceptions of Ein-, Rhu- and Thu-.

Prefixes

Sindarin
English
Examples
ab-
After/Later
Abor = Tomorrow ('after day')
Abonnen = Born after (a Man born after the Elves)

ad-
Again
Adbed- = To rephrase ('say again')
Adertha- = To reunite ('unite again')

al-
Well
Albeth = Word of good omen
Alwed = Prosperous, fortunate

ath-
Easy
Athgar = Easy to do
athra-
Across
Athrabeth = Conversation ('across talk')
(n)dan- /(n)dad-
Redoing something/Undoing something
Dangar- = To undo
Dadwen- = To return

di-
Under/Beneath
Dihena- = To forgive
dír-
With difficulty
Dirbedui = Difficult to pronounce
dý-
Mistakenly
Dýgar = Mistaken act
ein-
Excellent, admirable
Eindelia- = to play excellently, admirably
fer-
Soon/Promptly
Ferui = Ready to hand
go-
Together
Gobennas = History
Golas = Foliage, collection of leaves

(n)gor-
With fear/dread/pain, difficult to do
Gorbedui = Only to be said with horror
os-
Around/About
Osgar- = To cut around, amputate
oth-
Badly (Improperly)
Othgar- = To do wrong
pen-
Without, -less
Ben-adar = Fatherless
Penbed = Unpronounceable

per-
Half
Peredhel = Half-Elf
rhae-
Awkwardly
Rhaegar- = to do awkwardly
rhu-
Wickedly
Rhudol = Unwelcome
thar-
Over/Across
Tharbad = Cross-way (the name of a town in Middle Earth)
thu-
Badly (Incorrectly)
Thugar- = to do badly, incorrectly-
tre-
Through (denotes completeness when attached to a verb)
Trenarn = Account, tale (literally, to tell a tale through to the end)
ui-
Ever (Forever, always)
Uidafnen = Everclosed
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  • Home
    • Donations
    • Contact/About me
  • Words
  • Verbs
  • Phrases
  • Lessons
    • Lessons 1-10 >
      • 1 - Pronunciation >
        • Sindarin IPA
      • 2 - Greetings
      • 3 - Origins >
        • Sindarin place names
      • 4 - Questions
      • 5 - Eating & drinking
      • 6 - Plurals (1)
      • 7 - Plurals (2)
      • 8 - Pronouns (nominative)
      • 9 - Pronouns (object & dative)
      • 10 - Colours & Soft mutation introduction
    • Lessons 11-20 >
      • 11 - Soft mutation
      • 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
      • 13 - Prepositions (1)
      • 14 - Prepositions (2)
      • 15 - 'in' & Nasal mutation
      • 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
      • 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
      • 18 - Verbs (Past Tense)
      • 19 - Verbs (Intransitive endings and irregulars)
      • 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
    • Lessons 21-30 >
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
      • 23 - Verbs (Dual)
      • 24 - Sentence structure
      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
      • 29 - Numbers & Mathematics
      • 30 - Mixed mutation and 'En'
    • Lessons 31-40 >
      • 31 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
      • 32 - Possessive, singular and diminutive suffixes
      • 33 - Comparatives & Superlatives
      • 34 - Abstract Suffix
      • 35 - Further suffixes
      • 36 - How to make names (1)
      • 37 - How to make names (2)
      • 38 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 39 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 40 - Liquid and Stop mutations
    • Lessons 41 onwards >
      • 41 - Elision
  • Resources
    • Mutation chart
    • Pronoun chart
    • (m)b words
    • (n)d words
    • (n)g words
    • -ath
    • Jigsaws
    • Grammatical terms
    • Language of the hands