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Lessons 12-23
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- 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
- 13 - Prepositions (1)
- 14 - Prepositions (2)
- 15 - 'in' & Nasal mutation
- 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
- 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
- 18 - Verbs (Past Tense) Parts 1-4
- 19 - Verbs (Past Tense) Parts 5-7
- 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
- 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
- 22 - Irregular verbs
- 23 - Verbs (Dual)
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Lessons 24-35
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- 24 - Sentence structure
- 25 - Negation
- 26 - 'To be'
- 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
- 28 - Timekeeping
- 29 - Talking about the weather
- 30 - Numbers & Mathematics
- 31 - Mixed mutation and 'En'
- 32 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
- 33 - Pronoun suffixes
- 34 - Comparatives & Superlatives
- 35 - Abstract Suffix
- Lessons 36-43 >
- Mutation chart
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This is the third type of mutation for you to learn.
Mixed mutation is used for all of the seven prepositions from Lesson 14 that include the word 'the' -
Anin, Ben, En, Erin, Min, Nuin and Uin.
Original letter(s) means 'the first letter(s) of the word following the preposition', e.g.:
en + brun = e brun, the original letter is 'b', and the 'n' of en does a disappearing act.
The letter changes, e.g. c becoming g are the same for all words subject to Mixed Mutation, but the table below also shows you how the preposition En changes depending on the letter it attaches to.
En is the only one of these seven prepositions to also change its form.
Mixed mutation is used for all of the seven prepositions from Lesson 14 that include the word 'the' -
Anin, Ben, En, Erin, Min, Nuin and Uin.
Original letter(s) means 'the first letter(s) of the word following the preposition', e.g.:
en + brun = e brun, the original letter is 'b', and the 'n' of en does a disappearing act.
The letter changes, e.g. c becoming g are the same for all words subject to Mixed Mutation, but the table below also shows you how the preposition En changes depending on the letter it attaches to.
En is the only one of these seven prepositions to also change its form.
Original letter(s) |
With mutation |
Example |
En + B |
E B |
e brennil = of the lady |
En + C |
E G |
e gaun = of the prince |
En + D |
E D |
e dae = of the shadow |
En + DR |
EN DR |
en drúedain = of the wild men |
En + F |
E F |
e falas = of the shore |
En + G |
E G |
e gath = of the cavern |
En + GL |
EN GL |
en glamor = of the echo |
En + GR |
EN GR |
en grond = of the club |
En + GW |
EN GW |
en gwaew = of the wind |
En + H |
E CH |
e chalf = of the seashell |
En + HW |
E 'W |
e 'wind = of the twirling |
En + L |
E L |
e laer = of the song |
En + LH |
E 'L |
e 'loss = of the whisper |
En + M |
E M |
e maethor = of the warrior |
En + P |
E B |
e beng = of the bow |
En + R |
EDH R |
edh rant = of the lode |
En + RH |
E 'R |
e 'rass = of the precipice |
En + S |
E H |
e higil = of the dagger |
En + T |
E D |
e dachol = of the brooch |
En + TH |
E TH |
e thavron = of the carpenter |
En + TR |
EN DR |
en drenarn = of the account, tale |
En + (m)B |
E MB |
e mbar = of the house |
En + (n)D |
E ND |
e ndîr = of the man |
En + (n)G |
E NG |
e ngolodh = of the Noldo |
Examples using the other six prepositions
Note that these prepositions themselves do not change, but the mutation on the word that follows matches the table above.
Ben maethor = According to the warrior
Erin orod = On the mountain
Min gath = In the cavern
Nuin nen = Under the water
Uin duin = From the river
Ben maethor = According to the warrior
Erin orod = On the mountain
Min gath = In the cavern
Nuin nen = Under the water
Uin duin = From the river
Plurals following EN
As mentioned above, En is the only preposition to change its form as well as causing mutation.
If the noun it attaches to is a plural, En changes to In. This is the same word as the plural 'the' from Lesson 10, and uses nasal mutation. The only way to know the difference in meaning is from context.
Examples:
Pedin i chailf = I speak (of) the seashells
Iston in edain = I know (of) the men
If the noun it attaches to is a plural, En changes to In. This is the same word as the plural 'the' from Lesson 10, and uses nasal mutation. The only way to know the difference in meaning is from context.
Examples:
Pedin i chailf = I speak (of) the seashells
Iston in edain = I know (of) the men
Place names that use EN
If EN is used in a placename, it attaches to the words either side of it with hyphens, for example:
Haudh-en-ellas = Tomb of the Elf maid
Bar-en-Danwedh = House of the ransom
Cabed-en-Aras = Leap of the deer
If it is being used normally in a sentence, you do not need to use a hyphen.
Attested examples:
Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn = Frodo and Sam, Princes of the West
Cirith Forn en Andrath = High climbing pass of the north
Haudh-en-ellas = Tomb of the Elf maid
Bar-en-Danwedh = House of the ransom
Cabed-en-Aras = Leap of the deer
If it is being used normally in a sentence, you do not need to use a hyphen.
Attested examples:
Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn = Frodo and Sam, Princes of the West
Cirith Forn en Andrath = High climbing pass of the north
Testing your knowledge
Some mutations for you to have a go at (the more you practise you have with them the better). As always, they include vocabulary you will need to look up to increase your knowledge. Highlight the space underneath for the answer.
e dalan
Of the treehouse
i grist en aran
The king's sword (The sword of the king)
in yrn vorn en eryn
The black trees of the wood (All three mutations in this sentence!)
Of the dog (you came across this vocab in lesson 5)
E-chû
Of the brown dog (just to test your mutations)
E-chû varan
e dalan
Of the treehouse
i grist en aran
The king's sword (The sword of the king)
in yrn vorn en eryn
The black trees of the wood (All three mutations in this sentence!)
Of the dog (you came across this vocab in lesson 5)
E-chû
Of the brown dog (just to test your mutations)
E-chû varan
