Sindarin Lessons
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      • 6 - Plurals (1)
      • 7 - Plurals (2)
      • 8 - Pronouns (nominative)
      • 9 - Pronouns (object & dative)
      • 10 - Colours & Soft mutation introduction
      • 11 - Soft mutation contd.
    • Lessons 12-23 >
      • 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
      • 13 - Prepositions (1)
      • 14 - Prepositions (2)
      • 15 - 'in' & Nasal mutation
      • 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
      • 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
      • 18 - Verbs (Past Tense) Parts 1-4
      • 19 - Verbs (Past Tense) Parts 5-7
      • 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
      • 23 - Verbs (Dual)
    • Lessons 24-35 >
      • 24 - Sentence structure
      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
      • 29 - Talking about the weather
      • 30 - Numbers & Mathematics
      • 31 - Mixed mutation and 'En'
      • 32 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
      • 33 - Pronoun suffixes
      • 34 - Comparatives & Superlatives
      • 35 - Abstract Suffix
    • Lessons 36-43 >
      • 36 - Further suffixes
      • 37 - How to make names (1)
      • 38 - How to make names (2)
      • 39 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 40 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 41 - Liquid and Stop mutations
      • 42 - Elision
      • 43 - Sindarin Alphabet
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Lesson 19 - Verbs (Past tense) Parts 5-7

This lesson first looks at the endings you need to use with A-stem verbs when the verb you are using has an intransitive meaning, then moves on to some irregular endings you need to be aware of.

Part five - Intransitive endings

What do transitive and intransitive mean?
A transitive verb indicates an action, and it has to have at least one object (I feed him, I kicked it)
An intransitive verb doesn't have an object (I listened, I smiled)

Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive depending on the sentence, for example:
I knew / I knew him
She served / She served them

These verbs, the ones that can take either form, are the ones we are looking at. The default verb endings (the ones from Lesson 22) are the transitive endings, and are the ones you will use most often. However if you want to use the intransitive form of these verbs, you need a different set of endings.

Nesta- to heal
I healed
Nestassen
We healed
Nestassem
You healed (formal)
Nestassol
You all healed (formal)
Nestassolir
You healed (informal)
Nestassog
You all healed (informal)
Nestassogir
He/she/it healed
Nestas
They healed
Nestasser
Healed (passive participle)
Nestassen
Plural
Nestessin
Raitha- to try, strive
I tried
Raithassen
We tried
Raithassem
You tried (formal)
Raithassol
You all tried (formal)
Raithassolir
You tried (informal)
Raithassog
You all tried (informal)
Raithassogir
He/she/it tried
Raithas
They tried
Raithasser
Tried (passive participle)
Raithassen
Plural
Raithessin
Examples:
Nestassen min mbar Elrond = I healed in Elrond's house
Den nestannen = I healed him
Raithasser = They tried
Den raithannem = We tried it

As you can see, the intransitive endings are quite simple; instead of an N/NT, they take an S.

Part six - A-stem consonant simplification

Although A-stem verbs do not for the most part have I-affection and consonant changes to worry about, they do have some simplifications to prevent large groups of repeated consonants.
Consonant cluster
Becomes in the past tense
Example
nna-
-nnen
Penna- = Pennen not Pennannen
ida-
-innen
Nimmida- = Nimminnen
ada-
-annen
Gannada- = Gannen
Tangada- = Tangannen

Part seven - A-stem irregular verbs

And finally, we come to the (fairly small, panic ye not) group of A-stem verbs that have irregular conjugations in the past tense. They are regular in the present tense and the future tense, so please do not try and stick random endings on them! For the true irregular verbs that are irregular in most tenses, please see lesson 22.

The reason that these are important is that to make them regular is the equivalent of saying 'I thinked' or 'I drinked' in English. You know what the person means, but it isn't the correct formation and it certainly isn't how a native would say it!

Instead of listing the consonant changes in a little table, I'm going to do each verb individually.
As it isn't clear what happens to the 2nd person forms of these verbs, I will treat them as if they were any other A-stem verb, adding the ending onto the 1st person form, so for example:
We take Ammen = I refused, and add the second person ending, giving us -
Ammol = You refused, Ammenolir = You all refused, etc.

Aníra- to want
I wanted
Anírnen
We wanted
Anírnem
He/she/it wanted
Anírn
They wanted
Anírner
Wanted (passive participle)
Anírnen
Plural
Anírnin
Tíra- to see, to gaze is conjugated identically to Aníra-
Anna- to give
I gave
Ónen
We gave
Ónem
He/she/it gave
Aun
They gave
Óner
Given (passive participle)
Ónen
Plural
Ónin
Ava- to refuse (transitive/intransitive)
I refused
Ammen/Avassen
We refused
Ammem/Avassem
He/she/it refused
Am/Avas
They refused
Amer/Avasser
Refused (passive participle)
Ammen/Avassen
Plural
Emmin/Evessin
Banga- to trade (transitive/intransitive)
I traded
Bangen/Bangassen
We traded
Bangem/Bangassem
He/she/it traded
Banc/Bangas
They traded
Banger/Bangasser
Traded (passive participle)
Bangen/Bangassen
Plural
Bengin/Bengessin
Carfa- to speak (transitive/intransitive)
I spoke
Agarfannen/Agarfassen
We spoke
Agarfannem/Agarfassem
He/she/it spoke
Agarfant/Agarfast
They spoke
Agarfanner/Agarfasser
Spoken (passive participle)
Agarfannen
Plural
Egerfennin
Gala- to grow
I grew
Gallen
We grew
Gallem
He/she/it grew
Gall
They grew
Galler
Grown (passive participle)
Gallen
Plural
Gellin
Gawa- to disguise, falsify
I disguised
Gonen
We disguised
Gonem
He/she/it disguised
Gaun
They disguised
Goner
Disguised (passive participle)
Gonen
Plural
Genin
Groga- to feel terror
I felt terror
Grungen
We felt terror
Grungem
He/she/it felt terror
Grunc
They felt terror
Grunger
Terrified (passive participle)
Grungen
Plural
Gryngin
Ista- to know (the transitive form is irregular)
I knew
Sinnen or Istassen
We knew
Sinnem or Istassem
He/she/it knew
Sint or Istas
They knew
Sinner or Istasser
Known (passive participle)
Sinnen
Plural
Sinnin
Laba- to hop
I hopped
Lammen
We hopped
Lammem
He/she/it hopped
Lamp
They hopped
Lamber
Hopped (passive participle)
Lammen
Plural
Lemmin
Loda- to float
I floated
Lunnen
We floated
Lunnem
He/she/it floated
Lunt
They floated
Lunder
Floated (passive participle)
Lunnen
Plural
Lynnin
Muda- to labour, work (only has an intransitive form)
I laboured
Mudassen
We laboured
Mudassem
He/she/it laboured
Mudas
They laboured
Mudasser
Laboured (passive participle)
Mudassen
Plural
Mydessin
Síla- to shine with silver light
I shone
Síllen
We shone
Síllem
He/she/it shone
Síll
They shone
Síller
Shone (passive participle)
Síllen
Plural
Síllin
Toba- to cover, roof over
I covered
Tummen
We covered
Tummem
He/she/it covered
Tump
They covered
Tumber
Covered (passive participle)
Tummen
Plural
Tymmin
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  • Home
    • Donations
    • Contact/About me
  • Lessons
    • Lessons 1-11 >
      • 1 - Pronunciation >
        • Sindarin IPA
      • 2 - Greetings
      • 3 - Origins >
        • Sindarin place names
      • 4 - Questions
      • 5 - Eating & drinking >
        • Barter vocabulary
      • 6 - Plurals (1)
      • 7 - Plurals (2)
      • 8 - Pronouns (nominative)
      • 9 - Pronouns (object & dative)
      • 10 - Colours & Soft mutation introduction
      • 11 - Soft mutation contd.
    • Lessons 12-23 >
      • 12 - Using adjectives & adverbs
      • 13 - Prepositions (1)
      • 14 - Prepositions (2)
      • 15 - 'in' & Nasal mutation
      • 16 - Pronouns (possessive)
      • 17 - Verbs (Present Tense)
      • 18 - Verbs (Past Tense) Parts 1-4
      • 19 - Verbs (Past Tense) Parts 5-7
      • 20 - Verbs (Future Tense)
      • 21 - Verbs (Conditional)
      • 22 - Irregular verbs
      • 23 - Verbs (Dual)
    • Lessons 24-35 >
      • 24 - Sentence structure
      • 25 - Negation
      • 26 - 'To be'
      • 27 - Relative pronouns and uncertainty
      • 28 - Timekeeping
      • 29 - Talking about the weather
      • 30 - Numbers & Mathematics
      • 31 - Mixed mutation and 'En'
      • 32 - Plurals (3): Class plurals
      • 33 - Pronoun suffixes
      • 34 - Comparatives & Superlatives
      • 35 - Abstract Suffix
    • Lessons 36-43 >
      • 36 - Further suffixes
      • 37 - How to make names (1)
      • 38 - How to make names (2)
      • 39 - Gondorian & Mirkwood Sindarin
      • 40 - Doriathrin Sindarin
      • 41 - Liquid and Stop mutations
      • 42 - Elision
      • 43 - Sindarin Alphabet
  • Mutation chart
  • Resources
    • Jigsaws
    • Grammatical terms
    • (m)b words
    • (n)d words
    • (n)g words
    • -ath
    • Vocab Slideshows
    • Language of the hands
  • Forum
  • Links & Products